What is Mitosis?

1. Interphase: This is not technically part of mitosis, but it's the phase that precedes it. Interphase is when the cell prepares for division by replicating its DNA, organelles, and other cellular components.
2. Prophase: During prophase, the chromatin (a complex of DNA and proteins) condenses into visible chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, which are exact copies of the same genetic material. The nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate, and the mitotic spindle, composed of microtubules, starts to form.
3. Metaphase: In metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves along the equatorial plane (also called the metaphase plate) of the cell. Each chromosome is attached to the spindle fibers at its centromere.
4. Anaphase: In anaphase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell will receive one complete set of chromosomes.
5. Telophase: Telophase is characterized by the complete separation of the sister chromatids. This leads to the formation of two distinct nuclei in the cell. The nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes.
6. Cytokinesis: While mitosis is the process of nuclear division, cytokinesis is the process of cell division. It involves the division of the cytoplasm and other organelles to create two distinct daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms and pinches the cell in two, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the cell.

The end result of mitosis is two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. These cells are used for growth, tissue repair, and the replacement of old or damaged cells.

Mitosis is crucial for maintaining the integrity and function of multicellular organisms. It ensures that genetic information is faithfully passed on to new cells during growth and development.